![]() Using the Smith chart, you can graphically illustrate the complex impedance, Z=R+jX, of a transmission line, antenna, amplifier, or any signal point in the RF range at which the simple resistive approximation is not sufficiently valid. Similarly, state-of-the-art RF test equipment, such as network analyzers, traces a Smith chart on its display. For example, in data sheets from some high-speed processors that have clocks of several hundred megahertz, Smith charts define the RF characteristics of the processor IC pins. The Smith chart has not only survived, but also thrived: It applies to applications that didn’t even exist when Smith developed it. But one tool-known universally as the “Smith chart,” after its inventor Philip Hagar Smith-has survived virtually intact from its first days to the present (see sidebar “ So those were the good old days?“). ![]() Vacuum-tube voltmeters were once as common as PCs but these days are pretty rare. Few electronic-design tools and instruments are unchanged and remain in use many years after their invention. ![]()
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